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Jacob Coxey and Eugene V. Debs

Jacob Coxey and Eugene Debs were both social reformist who worked mainly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century's. They were socialist which means they believed that the Government should own all the means of production and distribute the income equally among the people, this idea allows for expanded control of Government and makes people much more reliant on it. During the Industrial Revolution business was booming and some American's were experiencing more wealth than they ever imagined. However for the lower and middle class' times were tough, they began to work ungodly hours in unsafe factories for well below enough money to support a family. While the factory owners became extremely wealthy the workers were forced to rely on the company for everything rendering them powerless. (Alan Brinkley) This is where socialism comes into the scene, some believed that it was not right the factory owners were becoming rich off the labor of the lower classes who were suffering in return. For the first time a lot of these American's had to work for someone other than themselves, they had appointed hours they must work, and appointed breaks they could take. These rules and dependency on the company led them to not have any control over their working lives. Socialism sprang up out of this and said that workers should have their own lives and that these big business' that were dominating the industry should be owned by the Government. They believed that the Government would then distribute the income equally so that everyone had the chance to be socially and financially mobile. (T.S. Ashton) This appealed to those working long hours for almost no money much more than it did to those who owned the factory and were becoming very wealthy off the work of others. 
Jacob Coxey:
Coxey was a political figure and labor rights advocate during the nineteenth and twentieth century's. Born and raised in PA, he moved to Massillon Ohio where he established his own business that operated a sand quarry. When Coxey came onto tough financial times during the depression of '93 he led a protest against theGovernment for not assisting the people during this economic depression. He led a group march from Massillon to Washington DC, as the group marched hundreds joined in and by the time they reached DC he had over 500 supporters. These people became known as Coxey's army. Upon arriving in DC he demanded that the Government assist the people and workers by hiring them to public projects such as railroads, streets, and Government buildings so their income could be regulated by the Government instead of greedy bosses. His request were denied and he was arrested which broke apart his "army." (Ohio History Central)
 
 
 
 
 
Eugene V. Debs:
Debs was a labor organizer and a leader in the socialist party from Indiana. As his name grew in importance he would go on to lead the socialist party in five straight elections. He began his political career in his home state of Indiana where he was elected to Democratic city clerk in 1879 and then to the Indiana state assembly where he made it know his support for everyday workers and businessmen. In 1894 he organized the American railway union which waged a strike against the Pullman company in Chicago. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison later for his public criticism of the United States getting involved in World War 1. After the Government broke up the Pullman strike in Chicago and Debs was sent to prison his beliefs changed, he began to question the true ability of unions to combat the capital's economic power. After the '96 election, Debs began to look towards socialism to fix the problems of the common working man. (History-Eugene V. Debs)

Arguments?

The Socialist party as a whole led by activist such as Jacob Coxey and Eugene Debs defended their radical ideas of finances and Government with basic human principles. They said that we should have an economic system based on human dignity and equality; they believed every citizen should have guaranteed health care, jobs, housing, and pension. They called for a complete overhaul of private property and said that it should be handled by the Goovernment.

 

The socialist reforms brought about change for everyday workers and their families. Now, no longer did people work 16 hours a day and get paid hardly anything. The Socialist worked very hard and set a universal goal of establishing a 8 hour work day and a national Workers day where workers would be honored for their service. The Socialist also brought about the precedent of striking in the workplace, they believed if you felt that conditions were unsafe or you were being exploited you should strike until your rights were recognized. The Socialist party was able to come about because working conditions were grim and workers were essentially slaves of the company. Most workers would work 14+ hours a day in extremely hot and dangerous factories for often less than 2$ a day. The workers would then be forced to shop at the companies stores making them completely dependent on the company. These conditions allowed Socialist to step in and request change; they wanted to see every worker and business owner be equal. I think that Jacob Coxey and Eugene Debs were successful in their reforms, they both brought workplace issues to the attention of the Government through riots, strikes, and marches.

Jacob Coxey

Eugene Debs

Jacob Coxey and Eugene Debs both took fairly similar approaches to fixing the problems they saw with the working class. They both believed that if the Government owned the means to production and redistributed the wealth equally it would keep one person from dominating an industry and labor force. Both guys took proactive steps towards the problem by organizing marhces and strikes that forced the Government to consider their ideas. Jacob Coxey was probably more on the front lines than Debs, however Debs led the socialist party for many years and did many things for the cause beyond just striking. Debs went around the nation spreading awareness of the socialist party and how they believed it would fix the problems they were encountering at the time.

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